Cayenne Pepper
Latin Name: Capsicum annuum (also Capsicum frutescens)
Herb Class/Action:
Cayenne is classified as a stimulant, circulatory tonic, rubefacient, and digestive aid.
Parts of Plant Used:
The ripe fruit (pepper) is used medicinally, typically dried and ground into a powder or made into tinctures, oils, and salves.
Flavors:
Cayenne has a pungent, spicy, and intensely hot flavor that lingers on the tongue.
Energetics:
Cayenne is energetically hot and stimulating.
Medicinal Properties:
Circulatory Stimulant: Cayenne is one of the most effective herbs for stimulating blood flow and enhancing circulation throughout the body. It helps move stagnant blood, warm the core, and bring vitality to cold extremities.
Pain Relief (Topical): As a rubefacient, cayenne draws blood to the surface and is often used in topical preparations to relieve pain from arthritis, muscle aches, and nerve conditions like sciatica. Capsaicin, the active compound, temporarily depletes substance P, a neurotransmitter involved in pain perception.
Cardiovascular Health: Cayenne supports heart health by helping to regulate blood pressure, reduce cholesterol, and prevent blood clots. It’s traditionally used in formulas for strengthening the heart and increasing metabolic heat.
Digestive Aid: Taken internally in small doses, cayenne stimulates digestion, promotes the secretion of digestive fluids, and supports the assimilation of nutrients. It can also help relieve gas and improve sluggish digestion.
Anti-Infective: Cayenne has antimicrobial properties and can be added to herbal blends for cold and flu prevention, especially to stimulate circulation and break up congestion.
In the Garden:
Cayenne peppers are grown as annuals in most climates but are perennials in tropical and subtropical regions. They thrive in full sun and well-drained, fertile soil. The plants produce slender, bright red peppers that can be harvested once fully ripe. Cayenne grows well in containers and raised beds and benefits from regular watering and warm temperatures.
Culinary Uses:
Cayenne is widely used as a culinary spice in many global cuisines. It adds heat and depth to soups, stews, sauces, marinades, and seasoning blends. It is often used in small amounts to stimulate digestion and warm the body, especially in cold weather dishes. In herbal medicine, it's frequently added to tinctures and teas to increase the bioavailability and effectiveness of other herbs.
Precautions:
Cayenne should be used with caution due to its intense heat. Large internal doses may cause gastrointestinal irritation, including heartburn or upset stomach, especially in individuals with ulcers or sensitive digestive systems. Topical use may cause burning sensations or skin irritation—avoid contact with eyes, mucous membranes, and broken skin. Always wash hands thoroughly after handling cayenne. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should consult a healthcare provider before use. Avoid use with certain medications such as blood thinners.
